Source: European Parliament
Qatar’s foreign policy is driven by its status as a small, hydrocarbon-rich state in a volatile region. By taking advantage of its position as a global liquefied natural gas (LNG) superpower, Doha projects influence beyond its borders through a ‘smart power’ strategy. This approach combines financial assets and sovereign wealth investments with soft power tools, including mediation, nation branding, and the Al Jazeera media network. While this strategy has secured Qatar’s independence, it has also generated friction with regional neighbours and partners beyond, and drawn scrutiny over domestic human rights and labour practices.The 2026 war between the United States, Israel, and Iran has tested Qatar’s security architecture and its role as a regional mediator. Long reliant on its alliance with the US, Doha has come to view Washington as an unpredictable partner, especially following the escalation of hostilities without consultation with Gulf allies. Direct Iranian missile strikes on energy infrastructure at Ras Laffan have caused significant damage, forcing a reduction in LNG production and leading to a defensive stance. Consequently, Qatar is shifting towards regional system-sharing and broader security partnerships with European powers to soften vulnerability to external shocks.The European Union and Qatar are deepening ties through negotiations for a bilateral strategic partnership agreement. Qatar is viewed as a significant but complex partner for energy security and regional diplomacy. While Doha provided only around 4 % of total EU gas in 2025, it remains a vital alternative to Russian hydrocarbons. Reliability has been compromised by the 2026 conflict. The damaged energy infrastructure forced QatarEnergy to declare force majeure on long-term contracts with EU countries. Beyond energy, Doha acts as a diplomatic bridge for them, facilitating communication with non-state players and work on regional files such as the situation in Afghanistan and the Israel-Hamas conflict. Nevertheless, the relationship faces challenges, including the ‘Qatargate’ scandal and Doha’s willingness to use its energy exports as political leverage.
Mediterranean and Middle East